SolidBowtie

Runaway exothermic reaction

Batch chemistry that gets away: cooling failure, mischarging and accumulation against layers of protection ending in relief and quench.

HazardExothermic batch reaction in a stirred reactor
Top eventReaction temperature runs away beyond control

4 threats 13 barriers 3 consequences safety-critical barriers marked

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Threats & preventive barriers

Each threat is a credible pathway to the top event; its barriers interrupt that pathway before control is lost.

Loss of cooling (utility or pump failure)

  • Redundant cooling water supply ★ critical

    Passive (hardware) · 85% effective · Owner: Utilities Engineer

  • Low-flow alarm with operator response

    Socio-technical · 75% effective · Owner: Control Room Supervisor

    Alarm flooding during upsets

Mischarging of reagents (wrong amount or order)

  • Automated dosing with batch interlocks ★ critical

    Active hardware · 88% effective · Owner: Process Control Engineer

  • Two-person verification of charges

    Behavioural (human) · 65% effective · Owner: Shift Supervisor

    Time pressure at shift change

Agitator failure causing accumulation

  • Agitator monitoring with auto feed-stop ★ critical

    Active hardware · 85% effective · Owner: Process Control Engineer

    📅 Interlock proof test · semiannual keep-alive task

  • Preventive maintenance of agitator drive

    Socio-technical · 75% effective · Owner: Maintenance Lead

    📅 Drive inspection · quarterly keep-alive task

Raw material quality deviation

  • Incoming QC with certificate of analysis

    Socio-technical · 80% effective · Owner: QC Manager

  • Supplier qualification programme

    Socio-technical · 70% effective · Owner: Procurement Lead

Consequences & recovery barriers

Once the top event happens, recovery barriers limit each consequence.

Reactor overpressure and rupture

  • Emergency relief system sized for runaway ★ critical

    Passive (hardware) · 90% effective · Owner: Process Safety Engineer

    📅 Relief device inspection · annual keep-alive task

  • Emergency quench / inhibitor injection ★ critical

    Active hardware · 80% effective · Owner: Process Control Engineer

    📅 Quench system proof test · semiannual keep-alive task

Toxic release to site and neighbours

  • Scrubber on relief discharge

    Passive (hardware) · 75% effective · Owner: Environmental Engineer

  • Community alert & shelter procedure

    Behavioural (human) · 70% effective · Owner: Emergency Coordinator

Batch and asset loss

  • Post-trip recovery procedures

    Socio-technical · 75% effective · Owner: Production Manager

Copying this template gives you a fully editable bowtie: barrier owners arrive as role suggestions, escalation factors sit on their barriers, and keep-alive activities are scheduled from the moment you copy. New to the notation? Read what the bowtie method is or browse the practical guides.

Use this template free. Copy “Runaway exothermic reaction” into your own workspace and adapt every barrier — no credit card.

Start free with this template →